Quantum computer chandelier in cryogenic housing
Agency 03 · Post-Quantum

ARE YOU READY FOR
Q-DAY?

Q-Day is the moment a cryptographically-relevant quantum computer breaks RSA and ECC in public. Whether it arrives in 2029 or 2035, the data adversaries are harvesting today will be readable then.

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Projected · Jan 1, 2033 · NIST timeline midpoint

What is Q-Day?
Server racks with blue lights
01 · What is Q-Day

THE CRYPTO CLIFF

Shor's algorithm — run on a sufficiently large fault-tolerant quantum computer — breaks RSA, Diffie-Hellman, and elliptic-curve cryptography. That's most of the trust anchors of the modern internet: TLS, VPN key exchange, document signatures, code signing, blockchain keys.

Credible estimates from NIST, NSA, and academic cryptographers converge on a window between 2029 and 2035. The exact date doesn't matter for planning. The migration does.

02 · Why care now

HARVEST NOW,
DECRYPT LATER

Adversaries are storing encrypted traffic today against the day they can decrypt it. Anything with a shelf life beyond Q-Day — health records, IP, state secrets, M&A correspondence, long-lived firmware signing keys — is already exposed.

This is not speculative. It's a documented practice of nation-state programs. Your PQC migration deadline is not the day quantum arrives; it's today, minus the confidentiality half-life of your data.

Green code on a dark monitor
The road to Q-Day

A TIMELINE YOU CAN PLAN AGAINST

Click a year. The narrative updates based on current NIST guidance and published adversary capability estimates.

03 · NIST PQC suite

THE NEW PRIMITIVES

NIST standardized its first post-quantum algorithms in 2024. These are the primitives your migration lands on — no more speculative theater, just engineering.

FIPS 203

ML-KEM

Module-lattice key encapsulation. Replaces RSA and ECDH for TLS, VPN, and secure messaging. Also known as Kyber.

FIPS 204

ML-DSA

Module-lattice digital signatures. Replaces RSA and ECDSA for code signing, certs, and document authenticity. Formerly Dilithium.

FIPS 205

SLH-DSA

Stateless hash-based signatures. A conservative backup for ML-DSA where signature size is acceptable. Formerly SPHINCS+.

FIPS 206 draft

FN-DSA

Fast-Fourier lattice signatures. Compact signatures where bandwidth matters. Formerly Falcon. Draft status.

Self-assessment

HOW READY ARE YOU?

Six questions. Two minutes. An honest score. No email required.

PQC readiness · 6 questions

0/100
Not assessed

Answer the questions to see where you stand.

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